English B2 · Upper-intermediate

Express nuance and hypothesis with confidence: advanced conditionals, the full passive, complex clauses and emphasis.

• Third conditional
• Mixed conditionals
• Wish / if only
• The passive: all tenses & forms
• Passive reporting (it is said that...)
• Reported speech: questions & commands
• Non-defining relative clauses
• Modals of deduction: past (must have, can't have)
• Advanced modals (needn't have, should have...)
• Future continuous & future perfect
• Past perfect continuous
• Causative: have / get something done
• Gerunds & infinitives: advanced patterns
• Phrasal verbs: separable & figurative
• Participle clauses
• Inversion after negative adverbials
• Cleft sentences (it was... / what I need is...)
• Linkers of contrast & concession (although, despite, however)
• Reduced relative clauses
• Determiners (all, both, neither, either, none)
• Unreal past (it's time, would rather, as if)