Russian C1 · Advanced

Handle formal, academic and journalistic Russian with confidence: dense nominal style, extended participial clauses, and the fine points of aspect and register.

• Aspect and negation: subtle meaning differences Coming soon
• Extended participial clauses in formal/written style Coming soon
• Advanced gerund clauses for cause, condition and manner Coming soon
• Nominal style in official and academic writing Coming soon
• Formal alternatives to the passive (subject-less constructions, "считается что") Coming soon
• Correlative constructions (тот... кто, то... что, чем... тем) Coming soon
• Genitive chains in formal style (noun + noun + noun) Coming soon
• Advanced concessive constructions (несмотря на, вопреки, при всём том что) Coming soon
• Nuanced modal expressions (следует, надлежит, полагается) Coming soon
• Aspect in instructions, recipes and formal directives Coming soon
• Stylistic word order and inversion for emphasis Coming soon
• Headline grammar: omitted verbs, nominal strings and participial compression Coming soon
• Formal subordinating connectors (ввиду того что, вследствие того что) Coming soon
• Evidential and reportative markers (якобы, будто бы, по слухам) Coming soon
• Fine semantic distinctions between similar verbal prefixes (при-/про-/пере-) Coming soon
• Formal recommendations and instructions with "чтобы" and infinitive constructions Coming soon
• Grammatical markers of formal vs. colloquial register Coming soon
• Ellipsis and economy of structure in formal writing Coming soon