英语有一整套介词,用来描述某人或某物如何移动。它们回答诸如"你去哪儿?""你从哪边来的?""你是怎么经过那里的?"这类问题。

这些介词大多能给人直观的画面感——把移动轨迹想象成地图上的一支箭头,往往就能判断该用哪个词。小贴士: 移动介词描述的是动作的路径She walked through the park——箭头从一侧进入,从另一侧穿出。

出发点与目的地:fromtotowards / towardaway from

这四个介词说明移动的起点或目标方向

介词 含义 例句
from 出发点 We travelled from London to Paris.
to 朝目的地移动 I'm going to work.
towards / toward 朝某方向移动(不一定抵达) She walked towards the door.
away from 远离某物 He ran away from the noise.

totowards 的区别:

  • I walked to the park.——动作完成,通常理解为已经到达。
  • I walked towards the park.——我朝那个方向走去,但也许没走到。

towards(英式英语更常见)和 toward(美式英语更常见)都正确,阅读时两种形式都会遇到。

进入与离开:intoout ofontooff

这些介词描述穿越边界的移动——进入封闭空间或离开封闭空间,移上某表面或离开某表面。

中文常用"进去、出来、上去、下来"等趋向补语来表达路径;英语则通常要靠介词来说明路径,例如 go into the roomcome out of the building,不要只盯着动词本身。

介词 含义 例句
into 进入封闭空间 She walked into the room.
out of 离开封闭空间 He ran out of the building.
onto 移动到某表面上 The cat jumped onto the table.
off 离开某表面 She fell off the bike.

intoonto 特别强调位置发生了变化。inon 跟在运动动词之后也可以出现,但侧重最终所在的位置

  • She put the keys in / into her bag.——两者皆可;into 更突出"放进去"这个动作。
  • The ball rolled on / onto the grass.——两者皆可;onto 强调从别处移动到草地表面上。

穿越空间:acrossthroughalongpastaround

这些介词描述在空间中移动或穿越空间的不同方式:

介词 含义 例句
across 从一侧到另一侧 She swam across the river.
through 穿过封闭或密集的空间 We drove through the tunnel.
along 沿着某物的长度方向移动 Let's walk along the beach.
past 经过某固定地点 Turn left just past the school.
around 沿弧形或圆形路线移动 We walked around the lake.

acrossthrough 的区别是最值得掌握的之一:

  • across = 从某个地点或平面的一侧到另一侧(如道路、河流、桥梁):We walked across the bridge.
  • through = 穿过有围合感或密度的空间:The train went through the tunnel. · We walked through the forest.

两者都可用于树林:across the forest 指从一个边缘到另一个边缘;through the forest 指在树木之间穿行(更常用)。

up、down、over、under

这些介词描述与高度相关的移动,或从某物上方/下方经过

介词 含义 例句
up 向上移动 She climbed up the stairs.
down 向下移动 He ran down the hill.
over 从上方越过 The bird flew over the roof.
under 从下方穿过 We crawled under the fence.

overacross 都可表示"穿越",但路径高度不同:

  • We drove across the bridge.(沿桥面通过)
  • The plane flew over the city.(从上方)

常见错误

  • The cat fell from the roof. → ✅ The cat fell off the roof.off = 离开某表面;from 只表示出发点)
  • She climbed up to the stairs. → ✅ She climbed up the stairs.up to = 到达某一点,而非沿某物向上爬)
  • We drove through the bridge. → ✅ We drove across the bridge.(过桥是在桥面上通过,不是在封闭空间里穿行)
  • He walked to the direction of the exit. → ✅ He walked towards the exit.(用 towards,不用 to the direction of
  • She jumped on the stage from the side. → ✅ She jumped onto the stage.(跳上某表面时,onto 更准确)

快速练习

哪个介词最合适?

  1. We drove ___ the tunnel.(across / through
  2. She walked ___ the room and sat down.(into / to
  3. The children ran ___ the hill as fast as they could.(down / under
  4. He jumped ___ the wall and landed in the garden.(over / across
  5. You go ___ the post office and turn left.(past / along
显示答案
  1. through   2. into   3. down   4. over   5. past

要点总结

  • from = 出发点;to = 目的地或目标(动作完成时通常理解为到达);towards / toward = 朝某方向移动(不一定抵达);away from = 远离。
  • into / out of 描述进入或离开封闭空间;onto / off 描述移上或离开某表面。
  • in / on 可跟在运动动词后,但侧重最终位置;into / onto 标记穿越边界的过程。
  • across = 从一侧到另一侧;through = 穿过封闭或密集的空间。
  • along = 沿着;past = 经过某点;around = 沿弧形路线。
  • over = 从上方越过;under = 从下方穿过;up / down = 高度变化。