当你要从一组人或事物中指出最突出的那个时——the tallest person in the roomthe cheapest phone in the shopthe most interesting book on the shelf——就需要形容词的最高级tallestcheapestmost interesting。学完比较级后,最高级就是自然的下一步:比较级只比较两个人或事物,而最高级是把一个对象和其他所有对象相比。

要记住的一条规则。 短形容词 → the + -estold → the oldest)。长形容词 → 前面加 the mostthe most useful)。在标准英语里,the 这个小词通常用来标记最高级结构——只有在标题、很口语化的场合才会省略,所以请保留它。

最高级回答的问题是哪一个是第一名?——无论是最大的、最好的,还是(另一端的)最差的。

为什么要用 the?最高级指向的通常是唯一的一个人或事物——the tallest building in the worldthe best day of my life。这样的东西只有一个,具体而独一无二,而 the 正是英语用在具体、已知事物前面的冠词(和 the sunthe moon 里的定冠词 the 一样)。所以这个 the 不是多余的装饰——它在那里,是因为最高级挑出了唯一的一个。

汉语没有冠词,最高级通常直接用 + 形容词(如 最高),前面不需要类似 the 的词。因此学英语时最容易漏掉最高级前面的 the:不是 ❌ tallest,而是 ✅ the tallest

短形容词:the + -est

大多数单音节形容词在词尾加 -est——并在前面加 the

  • cheap → the cheapestThis is the cheapest phone in the shop.
  • old → the oldestShe's the oldest in her class.
  • fast → the fastestIt's the fastest train in the country.

拼写变化和比较级完全一样——只是把 -er 换成 -est

形容词词尾 规则 例子
(大多数短形容词) -est cheap → the cheapestsmall → the smallest
-e 只加 -st nice → the nicestlarge → the largest
一个元音 + 一个辅音 双写辅音,再加 -est big → the biggesthot → the hottest
辅音 + -y -y 改为 -iest happy → the happiesteasy → the easiest

和比较级一样,-y → -iest 这条规律也适用于许多以 -y 结尾的双音节形容词:busy → the busiestfriendly → the friendliestpretty → the prettiest

长形容词:the most

两个或更多音节的形容词(上面以 -y 结尾的除外)不改词尾——在前面加 the most

  • expensive → the most expensiveThis is the most expensive restaurant in town.
  • careful → the most carefulHe's the most careful driver I know.
  • interesting → the most interestingIt was the most interesting part of the trip.
  • beautiful → the most beautifulThat's the most beautiful beach on the island.

形容词本身保持不变——✅ the most expensive,绝不是 ❌ the most expensivest

要表达某种性质的程度最低,也就是“最不……”,可以同样用 the leastThis is the least expensive option.

inof 标出范围

最高级通常会说明“在哪个范围内最……”,英语用 inof 来引出这个范围:

  • in + 单一地点或群体:the tallest building in the worldthe best student in the classthe cheapest café in town(就是上面那个 in town)。
  • of + 复数或数量:the youngest of the three brothersthe best day of my lifethe hardest of all

一条实用的经验法则:单一地点或机构用 inin the worldin my familyin the country);表示从某个集合中选出一个成员时,常用 ofof the threeof my friendsof them all)。

one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词

有一个很常见的结构,可以表示某人或某物属于最优秀、最突出的那一类,但不一定是唯一的第一名。one of the 之后,最高级后面跟一个复数名词:

  • It's one of the best films of the year.(不是唯一最好的——而是顶尖那几个中的一个)
  • She's one of the most talented players in the team.
  • one of the best film → ✅ one of the best films(名词必须用复数)

不规则最高级

在比较级里就不规则的那几个形容词,这里同样不规则——成对一起记:

形容词 比较级 最高级
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
  • This is the best coffee in town.
  • That was the worst film I've ever seen.
  • Which station is the furthest from here?

和比较级一样,far 有两个最高级:表示距离the farthestthe furthest 可以互换;在抽象意义上,furthest 还可以表示“最大程度的、最进一步的”。如果拿不准用哪个,可以看比较级文章里关于 fartherfurther 的说明

比较级还是最高级?

关键在于牵涉到多少样东西:

  • 两样 → 比较级:Anna is taller than Ben.
  • 三样或更多(一个对整组)→ 最高级:Anna is the tallest in the team.

如果想复习比较级中 -er / more 的选择以及 than 的用法,请看形容词的比较级

常见错误

  • She is the most tall. → ✅ She is the tallest.(短形容词用 -est
  • It's the most biggest city. → ✅ It's the biggest city.(绝不能 most-est 同时用)
  • He's most careful driver. → ✅ He's the most careful driver.(别漏掉 the
  • This is the goodest one. → ✅ This is the best one.good 是不规则形式)
  • the tallest of the world → ✅ the tallest in the world(地点用 in
  • one of the best film → ✅ one of the best filmsone of the 后用复数)
  • It's the most easy test. → ✅ It's the easiest test.-y → -iest

小测验

写出最高级形式(带 the),并在需要的地方选择 inof

  1. Mount Everest is ____ (high) mountain ____ the world.
  2. That was ____ (bad) day ____ my life.
  3. This is ____ (expensive) restaurant in town.
  4. She's ____ (young) ____ the four sisters.
  5. It's one of ____ (interesting) ____ (book) I've read.
显示答案
  1. the highest … in   2. the worst … of   3. the most expensive   4. the youngest … of   5. the most interesting books(one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词)

要点

  • 最高级在三样或更多的一组中挑出第一名比较级只比两样。
  • 形容词 → the + -estthe cheapestthe oldest);形容词 → the mostthe most expensive)。绝不两者并用,也别漏掉 the
  • 拼写规则和比较级相同:nice → the nicestbig → the biggesthappy → the happiest
  • 记住不规则形式:good → the bestbad → the worstfar → the farthest / furthest
  • in(地点:in the world)或 of(集合:of the three)标出范围,并记住 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词