Can 是英语中最有用的小词之一。用它可以表达你能做什么——比如 swim(游泳)或 speak French(说法语)——也可以表达你被允许做什么,比如 leave early(早点离开)或 use the phone(用电话)。同一个词,两种相关的用法。

简单说: can + 动词原形,不加 to;即使主语是 he/she/itcan 也不变。She can swim,绝不说 ❌ She can to swim 或 ❌ She cans swim

Can:基本形式

Can 在任何主语后都一样——he/she/it 后面不加 -s,这和大多数一般现在时动词不同:

主语 Can
I / you / he / she / it / we / they can + 动词原形

中文里说“会游泳”“能做到”“可以坐这里”,动词本身不会因为主语变成“他/她/它”而变化。英语里的 can 同样不随主语变化,但它后面的动词必须用原形,不能加 to,也不能加 -s

  • I can swim.
  • She can play the guitar.
  • They can speak English.

Can 后面的动词总是原形,不加 to:✅ He can drive,绝不说 ❌ He can to drive 或 ❌ He can drives

疑问句和否定句——不需要 "do"

be 一样,can 构成疑问句和否定句不需要 do/does。疑问句中,can 直接移到主语前面:

  • Can you swim? ——绝不说 ❌ Do you can swim?
  • Can she drive?
  • Can they come to the party?

否定形式是 cannot。在口语和非正式书面语中,通常用缩写 can't

  • I can't swim. ——绝不说 ❌ I don't can swim.
  • He can't come today.
  • We can't find the keys.

能力:你能做什么

Can 最常见的用法是谈论技能或能力——你学会了做某事,或者身体上能做到某事:

  • I can ride a bike.
  • She can speak three languages.
  • He can't cook very well.
  • Can you swim?

许可:你被允许做什么

Can 也用来请求或给予许可——说明什么是被允许的:

  • You can sit here.(= 可以坐这里)
  • Can I open the window?(= 我可以开窗吗?)
  • You can't park here.(= 这里不能停车)
  • Can we leave early today?

Can you...? 也是一种非常常见的日常礼貌请求方式,不只是在问能力:Can you help me? 实际上的意思是“请帮帮我”,而不是“你有能力帮我吗?”。

也可以用 may 来请求许可(May I open the window?),听起来更正式、更礼貌一些——但在日常英语中,can 是远远更常用的选择,而且本身就已经足够礼貌。

简短回答

简短回答中,只需在主语后重复 cancan't

  • Can you swim? — Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
  • Can she drive? — Yes, she can. / No, she can't.

Can 之外

情态动词 can 没有 to cancanningcanned 这样表达能力或许可的形式。现在,先学好 can 用于现在时的简单能力和许可——其他形式,比如表示过去的 could,以及用于将来时或跟在其他动词后面的 be able to,以后会用到(这是一个单独的主题,即将推出)。

常见错误

  • She can to swim. → ✅ She can swim.can 后面绝不加 to
  • He cans drive. → ✅ He can drive.(不加 -s,即使是 he/she/it)
  • I don't can swim. → ✅ I can't swim.(否定形式是 can't,不是 don't can
  • Do you can swim? → ✅ Can you swim?can 不需要 do/does
  • I can swimming. → ✅ I can swim.(用原形,不用 -ing
  • Can I to use your phone? → ✅ Can I use your phone?(许可疑问句中也不加 to

小测验

哪种形式正确?

  1. She ____ speak Japanese.(can / cans)
  2. ____ you help me?(Can / Do can)
  3. He ____ come to the party.(can't / don't can)
  4. I can ____ a bike.(ride / to ride)
查看答案
  1. can   2. Can   3. can't   4. ride

要点回顾

  • Can 不随 he/she/it 变化——不加 -s
  • Can 后面总是动词原形,不加 to
  • 疑问句和否定句不需要 do/doesCan you...? / can't
  • Can 既涵盖能力(I can swim),也涵盖许可(Can I sit here?)——涉及过去、将来,或跟在其他动词后面时,就要用 couldbe able to