动词 to be 是学英语时最先接触的内容之一,也是最有用的内容之一。你可以用它来说明你是谁、你在哪里,以及事物是什么样的:I am a studentShe is happyThey are from Spain

在现在时中,to be 有三种形式:amisare。在大多数简单句子里,用哪种形式完全取决于主语——也就是你在谈论的人或事物。

三种形式:am、is、are

主语 形式 例句
I am I am tired.
he / she / it is She is a teacher.
you / we / they are We are ready.

所以真正需要记住的只有一点:I → amhe/she/it → isyou/we/they → are

  • He is my brother.
  • It is a nice day.
  • You are very kind.
  • We are at home.
  • They are friends.

中文的形容词本身就能作谓语,不需要系动词:可以直接说“我很高兴”,中间不需要一个对应“是”的词。但在英语里,用形容词说明主语状态时,前面通常必须有 am/is/are:❌ I happy 是错的,一定要说 ✅ I am happy

用人名和其他名词作主语

单数的人名或名词(一个人或一件事物)和 he/she/it 用法一样,所以搭配 is。复数名词(不止一个)和 they 用法一样,所以搭配 are

  • Maria is from Brazil.(一个人 → is
  • My parents are from Brazil.(不止一个人 → are
  • The book is on the table.
  • The books are on the table.

缩略形式

在日常口语和非正式书面语中,amisare 通常会用撇号(')与主语连写在一起:

完整形式 缩略形式
I am I'm
he/she/it is he's / she's / it's
you/we/they are you're / we're / they're
  • I'm hungry.
  • She's at work.
  • We're late.

两种形式都是正确的——I am tiredI'm tired 意思完全一样——而缩略形式在口语和非正式场合更常见。不过有一个地方不能用缩略形式:在肯定的简短回答中,一定要用完整形式——✅ "Are you ready?" "Yes, I am.",而不是 ❌ "Yes, I'm."

如何构成否定句

要构成否定句,只需在 amisare 后面直接加上 not

  • I am not ready. → 缩略形式:I'm not ready.
  • He is not here. → 缩略形式:He isn't here. / He's not here.
  • They are not busy. → 缩略形式:They aren't busy. / They're not busy.

注意 is notare not 各有两种可能的缩略形式(isn't / he's notaren't / they're not)——两种都正确,选一个听起来更自然的就好。am not 建议只用 I'm not——在英语的某些地区变体中偶尔能听到 amn't,但它不属于标准书面英语。

如何提问

构成普通的是非疑问句时,要把 amisare 放到主语前面

  • Are you a doctor?
  • Is she at home?
  • Am I late?
  • Are they ready?

(在随意的口语中,有时会听到 You are a doctor? 用升调说,用来确认或表示惊讶——但标准的疑问句形式是 Are you a doctor?,应该使用这种形式。)

在比较完整、礼貌的简短回答中,通常会重复 amisare

  • "Are you tired?" — "Yes, I am." / "No, I'm not."
  • "Is it cold outside?" — "Yes, it is." / "No, it isn't."

在随意的对话中,直接说 "Yes""No" 也没问题——带有 am/is/are 的简短回答只是听起来更清楚、更礼貌一些。

你也可以在句首加上疑问词,询问更多信息:

  • Where are you from?
  • What is your name?
  • How is your mother?

常见错误

  • I is happy. → ✅ I am happy.I 永远搭配 am,绝不用 isare
  • She are my friend. → ✅ She is my friend.she 搭配 is
  • They is students. → ✅ They are students.they 搭配 are
  • He hungry. → ✅ He is hungry.(形容词前不要漏掉 is——英语不能像有些语言那样省略动词 to be
  • You is late. → ✅ You are late.

快速练习

选择 amisare

  1. I ____ from Poland.
  2. My sister ____ a nurse.
  3. ____ you hungry?
  4. We ____ good friends.
显示答案
  1. am   2. is   3. Are   4. are

要点回顾

  • to be 在现在时有三种形式:am(搭配 I)、is(搭配 he/she/it 和单数名词)、are(搭配 you/we/they 和复数名词)。
  • 缩略形式(I'mshe'sthey're)在日常英语中非常常见。
  • 否定句:加上 not——isn'taren'tI'm not
  • 疑问句:把 am/is/are 放在主语前面