Tu parles français ?Do you speak French?
French can turn a statement into a yes/no question without moving a single word: you just raise your voice at the end. For a bit more polish, you put est-ce que in front. Both are everyday French.
Quick shortcut: est-ce que + a statement = a yes/no question. Est-ce que c'est loin ? Or keep the statement and just raise your voice: C'est loin ?
Three ways to ask
| Way | Example | Register |
|---|---|---|
| Rising intonation | Tu viens ? | casual, spoken |
| est-ce que + statement | Est-ce que tu viens ? | neutral, spoken or written |
| Inversion | Viens-tu ? | formal; comes later |
With intonation and est-ce que, the words stay in statement order — subject, then verb. Only inversion swaps them, and that pattern is covered at the next level, so for now it's enough to recognise it.
Intonation questions
Say the statement, lift your voice on the last syllable, and it's a question:
- Tu as faim ? (Are you hungry?)
- Elle est prête ? (Is she ready?)
- On y va ? (Shall we go?)
This is by far the most common form in relaxed conversation, and it's perfectly normal in informal writing too. In more careful or formal writing, est-ce que usually makes the structure of the question clearer.
est-ce que
Put est-ce que at the front and leave the rest of the sentence exactly as it was:
- Est-ce que tu travailles demain ?
- Est-ce que vous avez un menu ?
- Est-ce que c'est ouvert le dimanche ?
Before a vowel or a mute h, que becomes qu':
- Est-ce qu'il est là ?
- Est-ce qu'elle vient avec nous ?
- Est-ce qu'on peut payer par carte ?
Est-ce que is a fixed block here — it never changes for the subject or the verb. (Question words attach to the front of it — Où est-ce que…, Qu'est-ce que… — but that belongs with the question-words topic.)
Answering: oui, non, si
- Oui — yes, to a positive question. Tu viens ? — Oui.
- Non — no. C'est loin ? — Non, c'est à côté.
- Si — yes, when you're contradicting a negative question or statement. Tu ne viens pas ? — Si ! (Yes, I am coming.)
English just says yes both times; French keeps a separate word, si, for the "yes, actually" answer after a negative. See Negation with ne… pas.
- Vous n'avez pas faim ? — Si, un peu. (contradicting → si)
- Vous avez faim ? — Oui, un peu. (plain positive → oui)
The tag n'est-ce pas ?
Add n'est-ce pas ? to the end of a statement to invite agreement, like English isn't it? / don't you?:
- C'est joli, n'est-ce pas ?
- Tu as vu le film, n'est-ce pas ?
It's one fixed form whatever the verb or subject. It sounds a little formal; in casual speech people just add non ? or hein ? — C'est joli, non ?
Common mistakes
- ❌ Est-ce que tu viens-tu ? (mixing est-ce que and inversion) → ✅ Est-ce que tu viens ?
- ❌ Est-ce que il est là ? → ✅ *Est-ce **qu'*il est là ?
- ❌ Est-ce-que tu as faim ? / Es-ce que tu as faim ? → ✅ Est-ce que tu as faim ? (hyphen only inside est-ce, then a space before que)
- ❌ Tu n'as pas soif ? — Oui. (meaning "yes, I am thirsty") → ✅ — Si !
- ❌ C'est bon, n'est pas ? → ✅ C'est bon, n'est-ce pas ?
Quick check
Turn into a question with est-ce que (mind the elision):
- Tu aimes le café.
- Il y a un problème.
- Elle habite ici.
Answer with oui or si:
- Vous n'êtes pas fatigué ? — ____, je suis très fatigué.
- C'est ouvert le dimanche ? — ____, tous les jours.
Show answers
- Est-ce que tu aimes le café ? 2. Est-ce qu'il y a un problème ? 3. Est-ce qu'elle habite ici ? 4. Si, je suis très fatigué. 5. Oui, tous les jours.
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Key takeaways
- Three ways to ask a yes/no question: rising intonation (Tu viens ?), est-ce que + a statement (Est-ce que tu viens ?), and inversion (Viens-tu ?, more formal, later).
- With intonation and est-ce que the word order doesn't change — only inversion moves the subject.
- est-ce que → est-ce qu' before a vowel or mute h.
- Answer a negative question with si, not oui, when you're contradicting it: Tu n'as pas faim ? — Si !
- n'est-ce pas ? is an invariable tag inviting agreement; casual speech uses non ? instead.