C'est ton livre ou le mien ?Is this your book or mine?
A possessive pronoun stands in for "[possessive] + noun" once the noun is already clear from context — instead of saying mon livre again, French just says le mien. Every possessive pronoun is really two words: a definite article (le, la, les) plus a special possessive form. The article and the ending of that form agree with the thing owned; the stem itself (mien, tien, sien...) is the part that tracks the owner. This is different from a possessive adjective like mon or ton, which sits directly in front of a noun instead of replacing it.
Quick shortcut: pick the article and ending from the thing owned (gender and number), and the stem from the owner — le mien (mine, masculine singular), la mienne (mine, feminine singular), les miens/miennes (mine, plural).
The full set
| Owner | + masculine singular | + feminine singular | + masculine plural | + feminine plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | le mien | la mienne | les miens | les miennes |
| tu | le tien | la tienne | les tiens | les tiennes |
| il / elle | le sien | la sienne | les siens | les siennes |
| nous | le nôtre | la nôtre | les nôtres | les nôtres |
| vous | le vôtre | la vôtre | les vôtres | les vôtres |
| ils / elles | le leur | la leur | les leurs | les leurs |
- Ta valise est ici, mais où est la mienne ? (Your suitcase is here, but where's mine?)
- Nos enfants jouent avec les leurs. (Our children are playing with theirs.)
- Mon vélo est cassé ; je peux emprunter le tien ? (My bike is broken; can I borrow yours?)
The article and the ending both agree with the thing owned
Just like a possessive adjective, a possessive pronoun matches the noun it stands for — never the owner. le sien / la sienne means "his" or "her" depending on who owns it; only the situation tells you which:
- Paul a oublié son parapluie ; il utilise le mien. (Paul forgot his umbrella; he's using mine.) — le mien is masculine because parapluie is masculine, regardless of who "mine" refers to.
- Léa cherche sa clé. Est-ce que c'est la sienne ? (Léa is looking for her key. Is this hers?) — la sienne agrees with clé (feminine), not with Léa.
nôtre / vôtre take a circumflex — unlike notre / votre
Notre and votre (the possessive adjectives, no accent) and le/la nôtre, le/la vôtre (the possessive pronouns, with a circumflex on the o) are easy to mix up in writing, since they sound identical:
- ❌ C'est notre. → ✅ C'est le nôtre. (a possessive pronoun always needs its article — notre alone can only be an adjective in front of a noun)
- Votre maison est grande, mais la vôtre est plus grande. (Your house is big, but yours is bigger.) — votre (adjective, no accent) before the noun, la vôtre (pronoun, with the circumflex) replacing it.
The article contracts with à and de, exactly like any other le / la / les
Because a possessive pronoun always carries le, la or les, that article contracts with à and de the normal way — à + le → au, de + le → du, à/de + les → aux/des:
- Je pense au mien. (I'm thinking of mine.) — never ❌ à le mien.
- Elle s'occupe des siens. (She's taking care of her own [people].) — never ❌ de les siens.
- Il a besoin du tien. (He needs yours.)
la mienne, la tienne, la sienne and the other feminine singular forms don't contract — only le and les do, so the plural forms always contract too (aux miens, des nôtres), following the same rule as everywhere else in French.
Common mistakes
- ❌ C'est mienne. → ✅ C'est la mienne. (the article is never dropped — a possessive pronoun is always article + form together)
- ❌ à le mien → ✅ au mien (the article contracts with à just like it does anywhere else)
- ❌ C'est mon. → ✅ C'est le mien. (once the noun is dropped, the possessive adjective mon can't stand alone — it has to become the full pronoun)
- ❌ J'ai mon livre, elle a le sien livre. → ✅ J'ai mon livre, elle a le sien. (once the noun livre has already been named, it isn't repeated — le sien replaces "her book" entirely, it doesn't sit in front of the noun the way son does)
Quick check
Show answers
- Ta sœur et ____ (mine) s'entendent bien. → la mienne (Ta sœur et la mienne s'entendent bien.)
- Nous avons nos affaires, et vous avez ____ (yours). → les vôtres (vous avez les vôtres)
- Il parle à ____ (his) professeur, pas au professeur d'un autre élève. → this needs a possessive adjective, not a pronoun: son professeur — the noun professeur is still there.
- Je préfère ta voiture à ____ (mine). → la mienne (à + a feminine pronoun doesn't contract)
- Ils s'occupent de leurs enfants, et nous nous occupons ____ (of ours). → des nôtres (de + les nôtres → des nôtres)
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Key takeaways
- A possessive pronoun (le mien, la tienne, les leurs...) replaces "[possessive] + noun" once the noun is already understood.
- The article and the ending agree with the thing owned; the stem tracks the owner — le sien / la sienne can mean "his" or "her," but stays masculine/feminine based on the noun, not the person.
- le/la nôtre and le/la vôtre take a circumflex on the o; notre and votre (the possessive adjectives) don't.
- le and les contract with à and de the normal way: au mien, du tien, des siens; la never contracts.
- A possessive pronoun is never used without its article — le, la or les is part of the word, not optional.