Che bel giorno! Facciamo un buon caffè e mangiamo dei bei dolci.What a lovely day! Let's have a good coffee and eat some pretty cakes.
Before a noun, bello and buono change shape in the same way as small grammar words you already know: bello takes the same forms as the definite article, and buono the same forms as un / uno. This article gives all the forms and the sound contexts that decide between them.
Quick shortcut: bello = il → bel, lo → bello, l' → bell', i → bei, gli → begli. buono = un → buon, uno → buono. After the noun, both are regular adjectives (un libro bello, un amico buono).
1. bello before a noun
Bello takes the forms of the definite article, which you can check in Definite articles:
| Noun starts with | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| a consonant (masculine) | un bel libro | dei bei libri |
| s + consonant, z, gn, ps, pn, x, y (masculine) | un bello zaino | dei begli zaini |
| a vowel (masculine) | *un **bell'*uomo | dei begli uomini |
| a consonant (feminine) | una bella casa | delle belle case |
| a vowel (feminine) | *una **bell'*idea | delle belle idee |
The rare i + vowel case behaves like lo iato: un bello iato, dei begli iati. Feminine plural belle is not shortened: delle belle idee.
2. buono before a noun
Buono takes the forms of un / uno / una:
| Noun starts with | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| a consonant or vowel (masculine) | un buon libro, un buon amico | dei buoni libri |
| s + consonant, z, gn, ps, pn, x, y (masculine) | un buono studente, un buono zaino | dei buoni studenti |
| a consonant (feminine) | una buona casa | delle buone case |
| a vowel (feminine) | una buona idea / *una **buon'*idea | delle buone idee |
Only the masculine singular is really shortened. The plural buoni / buone and the feminine buona keep their full forms, and buon' before a feminine vowel is possible but less common.
3. Other words that shorten the same way
- Quello follows bello: quel libro, quello zaino, quell'amico, quei libri, quegli amici. See Demonstrative adjectives.
- Grande can shorten to gran before a consonant, singular only: un gran giorno, una gran festa. The full form is always possible too (un grande giorno), and the meaning is the same.
4. bello or buono?
The meaning is different: bello is beautiful, nice, pleasant to see or hear (un bel film), and buono is good in quality, taste or character (un buon film, un buon caffè, una buona persona). In everyday speech, un bel libro often just means "a really good book".
Fixed phrases keep the shortened form: buon appetito, buon compleanno, buon viaggio, buon anno, and also Che bel giorno!
5. After the noun
After the noun, or after essere, both are ordinary adjectives in -o: un libro bello, un amico buono, Il caffè è buono, Le case sono belle. The shortened forms appear only before the noun. For the position of adjectives in general, see Adjective position.
Common mistakes
- ❌ un bello libro → ✅ un bel libro (before an ordinary consonant)
- ❌ dei bei zaini → ✅ dei begli zaini (before z: begli)
- ❌ un buono amico → ✅ un buon amico
- ❌ una bella'idea → ✅ una bell'idea (or una bella idea)
Quick check
Here are a few gaps to fill with the right form of bello or buono.
- un ____ giorno (bello)
- un ____ zaino (bello)
- dei ____ amici (bello)
- una ____ amica (buono)
- un ____ studente (buono)
- dei ____ libri (bello)
Show answers
- bel 2. bello 3. begli 4. buona (or buon') 5. buono 6. bei
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Key takeaways
- Bello before a noun copies the definite article: bel, bello, bell', bei, begli, bella, belle.
- Buono before a masculine singular noun copies un / uno: buon, buono.
- The plural buoni / buone and feminine buona are not shortened.
- Quello uses the same pattern as bello; gran is an optional short form of grande.
- After the noun, both are regular adjectives: un libro bello, un amico buono.