想说自己拥有什么、家里有谁、或者某人长什么样的时候,英语给了你两种说法,意思几乎一样:have gothave。两种说法都对,只是用法稍有不同。

简单说: 在谈所有物、家人和外貌特征时,I've got a carI have a car 意思相同。have got 在英式口语中特别常见。

have got 的形式

在肯定句中,have got 在口语和非正式书面语里通常会缩写——have 缩写成 'vehas 缩写成 's

主语 完整形式 缩写形式
I / you / we / they have got I've gotyou've gotwe've gotthey've got
he / she / it has got he's gotshe's gotit's got
  • I've got a new phone.
  • She's got two brothers.
  • They've got a big house.

疑问句和否定句——不需要 "do"

这是最容易让人搞混的地方:have got 构成疑问句和否定句时不用 do/does。在一般疑问句中,havehas 直接放到主语前面,跟 be 的用法一样——这里不用肯定句里的 've/'s 缩写:

  • Have you got a pen?——绝不能说 ❌ Do you have got a pen?
  • Have they got any children?——绝不能说 ❌ Do they have got any children?

汉语问“有没有”时不需要像英语 do 这样的助动词:可以说“你有笔吗?”或“你有没有笔?”所以学英语时容易忘记什么时候该加 do。记住:have got 提问时把 have/has 放到主语前,不再加 doHave you got a pen?;而单独用 have 时,日常英语通常要说 Do you have a pen?

否定句只需在 have/has 后面加 not,就是 haven't gothasn't got

  • She hasn't got a car.——绝不能说 ❌ She doesn't have got a car.
  • I haven't got any money.
  • He hasn't got a sister.

单独的 "have"——一个完全普通的动词

have(不加 got)意思相同。肯定句遵循一般现在时的常规模式:

主语 单独的 have
I / you / we / they have
he / she / it has
  • I have a bike. / She has a brother.

在如今的日常英语里,单独的 have 无论是疑问句还是否定句,通常都表现得像个普通动词,所以一般需要 do/does——跟 likewantwork 完全一样:

  • Do you have a pen?——✅ Have you got a pen?(两种说法都对)
  • She doesn't have a car.——✅ She hasn't got a car.(两种说法都对)

(偶尔也会碰到英式英语里更老派或更正式的说法,比如不带 doHave you a pen?——不过在日常使用中,还是上面这种带 do/does 的模式更值得学。)

所以疑问句和否定句其实是两套独立的系统——它们不会出现在同一句话里:

Have got Have
疑问句 Have you got a car? Do you have a car?
否定句 I haven't got a car. I don't have a car.

该用哪个?

在谈所有物、家人和外貌特征时,两种说法都是正确的英语。有几点可以留意:

  • have got 在英式日常口语中特别常见。
  • have 到处都能用,在美式英语中通常更常见。
  • 这种 have got 的用法只存在于现在时。表示过去拥有某物,只用简单的 had:✅ I had a bike when I was young. 不要用 had got 来表示这种“拥有”的意思——英语里确实有 had got,但那是 get 的过去时,意思是“得到过”。
  • 除了所有物、家人和外貌特征,单独的 have 还能表示很多其他意思——比如 have breakfasthave a shower 这类动作,这些场合根本不用 have got

可以谈论什么

have gothave 用来谈论某人拥有的所有物、家人和外貌特征——不是某人的动作:

  • 所有物: I've got a laptop. Do you have a bicycle?
  • 家人: She's got three cousins. Does he have any brothers or sisters?
  • 外貌特征: He's got brown eyes. They have curly hair.

这里的外貌特征指的是某人拥有的东西——眼睛、头发、胡子。至于像 tallyoung 这样的一般性描述,要用 beShe is tall,而不是 ❌ She has tall

常见错误

  • Do you have got a car? → ✅ Do you have a car? / ✅ Have you got a car?(不要把 dogot 混在一起)
  • I no have got a car. → ✅ I haven't got a car.(否定要用 haven't/hasn't,不是 no
  • She have got a dog. → ✅ She's got a dog.(第三人称要用 has got,不是 have got
  • I had got a dog when I was a child. → ✅ I had a dog when I was a child.(过去时不加 got
  • I've got breakfast every morning at 7am. → ✅ I have breakfast every morning at 7am.have got 用于所有物,不用于吃饭这类日常习惯)
  • She has tall. → ✅ She is tall.(一般性描述要用 be,不是 have

小测验

哪个形式合适?

  1. ____ you got a pen?(Have / Do)
  2. He ____ a sister.(has got / have got)
  3. I ____ any brothers.(haven't got / not got)
  4. ____ she have a car?(Have / Does)
查看答案
  1. Have   2. has got   3. haven't got   4. Does

要点回顾

  • 在谈所有物、家人和外貌特征时,have gothave 意思相同。
  • have got 构成疑问句和否定句不需要 doHave you got...? / haven't got
  • 单独的 have 通常表现得像个普通动词,需要 do/doesDo you have...? / don't have
  • 两套系统各自独立,表示过去拥有某物时只用简单的 had——不用 had got