想说某件事什么时候发生时,英语会用一些小词,叫做时间介词。最重要的三个是 in、on 和 at,每个都对应不同类型的时间说法。
简单说: 较长的时间段(如月份、年份、季节)用 in,星期和日期用 on,具体钟点用 at。In July, on Monday, at 3 o'clock.
In:较长的时间段
月份、年份、季节和其他较长的时间段用 in:
| 类型 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 月份 | in January, in December |
| 年份 | in 2020, in 1999 |
| 季节 | in summer, in winter |
| 一天中的时段 | in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening |
| 较长时间段 | in the past, in the future |
- My birthday is in July.
- She was born in 2015.
- We usually go to the beach in summer(也可以说 in the summer)。
- I always check my phone in the morning.
中文说时间时通常不需要介词,比如“七月”“星期一”“三点”前面都不用加词。英语里很多时间表达需要搭配 in、on 或 at,但也有 next week、tomorrow 这类不加介词的情况。中文母语者常见的错误,就是该加时漏加,或不该加时多加。
泛泛而谈时用 in the morning/afternoon/evening。但如果说到具体的某一天,就要换成 on:on Monday morning、on Friday evening、on Saturday night。未来某个具体时间点,比如“两周后”,也用 in:See you in two weeks.
On:星期和日期
星期几和具体日期用 on:
| 类型 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 星期 | on Monday, on Friday |
| 日期 | on 5 May(也可以说 on May 5),on my birthday |
| 具体某一天的节日 | on New Year's Day, on Christmas Day |
- The meeting is on Tuesday.
- We're having a party on 5 May.
- I don't work on weekends.(美式英语;英式英语更常说 at weekends,见下文)
注意: “晚上”这个泛指概念,英语用 at night,不用 in:I sleep well at night. 但如果说的是具体某一天的晚上,就用 on:on Friday night。关于 at 的更多内容见下文。
At:具体钟点
具体钟点和一些固定说法用 at:
| 类型 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 钟点 | at 3 o'clock, at 7:30, at noon, at midnight |
| 固定说法 | at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter |
- The film starts at 8 p.m.
- I always feel tired at night.
- We're staying with family at Christmas.
✅ at night,绝不说 ❌ in night——这个固定例外值得记住。
at the weekend 和 on the weekend 都对,只是分属不同的英语变体:英式英语通常说 at the weekend / at weekends,美式英语通常说 on the weekend / on weekends。
at Christmas 和 at Easter 指的是整个节日期间。说到具体某一天时,要换成 on:on Christmas Day、on Easter Sunday。
完全不用介词
有几个时间表达从不加介词——加上反而是常见错误:
- ✅ I'll see you next week. → ❌ I'll see you on next week.
- ✅ We arrived last night. → ❌ We arrived at last night.
- ✅ Let's meet this afternoon. → ❌ Let's meet on this afternoon.
- ✅ See you tomorrow. → ❌ See you at tomorrow.
next、last、this、every 和 tomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词本身已经表明了时间,前面不需要再加 in/on/at。
问“什么时候”
关于时间的问题通常以 when 或 what time 开头,回答时可能用 in、on、at,也可能不用任何介词,具体取决于说法:
- When is your birthday? — It's in July.
- What time does the shop open? — It opens at 9 o'clock.
- When do you usually relax? — On Sundays, and in the evening.
常见错误
- ❌ I was born on 2015. → ✅ I was born in 2015.(年份用 in,不用 on)
- ❌ See you in Monday. → ✅ See you on Monday.(星期用 on,不用 in)
- ❌ The train leaves in 9 o'clock. → ✅ The train leaves at 9 o'clock.(具体钟点用 at,不用 in)
- ❌ I sleep well in night. → ✅ I sleep well at night.(at night 是固定例外)
- ❌ I'll call you on next week. → ✅ I'll call you next week.(next/last/this 前面不加介词)
小测验
哪个介词正确(in / on / at / 不用介词)?
- My birthday is ____ September.
- The party is ____ Saturday.
- The film starts ____ 7 o'clock.
- I never work ____ night.
- Let's meet ____ next Friday.
查看答案
- in 2. on 3. at 4. at 5. 不用介词(直接说 next Friday)
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要点回顾
- in =较长的时间段(月份、年份、季节、一天中的时段)。
- on =星期和日期。
- at =具体钟点,以及固定说法 at night、at the weekend、at Christmas。
- next、last、this 和 tomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词完全不用加介词。
- 这篇文章讲的是事情什么时候发生。关于东西在哪里,请看 Prepositions of place。