想说某件事什么时候发生时,英语会用一些小词,叫做时间介词。最重要的三个是 in、on 和 at,每个都对应不同类型的时间说法。

简单说: 较长的时间段(如月份、年份、季节)用 in,星期和日期用 on,具体钟点用 at。In July, on Monday, at 3 o'clock.

In:较长的时间段

月份、年份、季节和其他较长的时间段用 in:

类型 例子
月份 in January, in December
年份 in 2020, in 1999
季节 in summer, in winter
一天中的时段 in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
较长时间段 in the past, in the future
  • My birthday is in July.
  • She was born in 2015.
  • We usually go to the beach in summer(也可以说 in the summer)。
  • I always check my phone in the morning.

中文说时间时通常不需要介词,比如“七月”“星期一”“三点”前面都不用加词。英语里很多时间表达需要搭配 in、on 或 at,但也有 next week、tomorrow 这类不加介词的情况。中文母语者常见的错误,就是该加时漏加,或不该加时多加。

泛泛而谈时用 in the morning/afternoon/evening。但如果说到具体的某一天,就要换成 on:on Monday morning、on Friday evening、on Saturday night。未来某个具体时间点,比如“两周后”,也用 in:See you in two weeks.

On:星期和日期

星期几和具体日期用 on:

类型 例子
星期 on Monday, on Friday
日期 on 5 May(也可以说 on May 5),on my birthday
具体某一天的节日 on New Year's Day, on Christmas Day
  • The meeting is on Tuesday.
  • We're having a party on 5 May.
  • I don't work on weekends.(美式英语;英式英语更常说 at weekends,见下文)

注意: “晚上”这个泛指概念,英语用 at night,不用 in:I sleep well at night. 但如果说的是具体某一天的晚上,就用 on:on Friday night。关于 at 的更多内容见下文。

At:具体钟点

具体钟点和一些固定说法用 at:

类型 例子
钟点 at 3 o'clock, at 7:30, at noon, at midnight
固定说法 at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter
  • The film starts at 8 p.m.
  • I always feel tired at night.
  • We're staying with family at Christmas.

✅ at night,绝不说 ❌ in night——这个固定例外值得记住。

at the weekend 和 on the weekend 都对,只是分属不同的英语变体:英式英语通常说 at the weekend / at weekends,美式英语通常说 on the weekend / on weekends。

at Christmas 和 at Easter 指的是整个节日期间。说到具体某一天时,要换成 on:on Christmas Day、on Easter Sunday。

完全不用介词

有几个时间表达从不加介词——加上反而是常见错误:

  • ✅ I'll see you next week. → ❌ I'll see you on next week.
  • ✅ We arrived last night. → ❌ We arrived at last night.
  • ✅ Let's meet this afternoon. → ❌ Let's meet on this afternoon.
  • ✅ See you tomorrow. → ❌ See you at tomorrow.

next、last、this、every 和 tomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词本身已经表明了时间,前面不需要再加 in/on/at。

问“什么时候”

关于时间的问题通常以 when 或 what time 开头,回答时可能用 in、on、at,也可能不用任何介词,具体取决于说法:

  • When is your birthday? — It's in July.
  • What time does the shop open? — It opens at 9 o'clock.
  • When do you usually relax? — On Sundays, and in the evening.

常见错误

  • ❌ I was born on 2015. → ✅ I was born in 2015.(年份用 in,不用 on)
  • ❌ See you in Monday. → ✅ See you on Monday.(星期用 on,不用 in)
  • ❌ The train leaves in 9 o'clock. → ✅ The train leaves at 9 o'clock.(具体钟点用 at,不用 in)
  • ❌ I sleep well in night. → ✅ I sleep well at night.(at night 是固定例外)
  • ❌ I'll call you on next week. → ✅ I'll call you next week.(next/last/this 前面不加介词)

小测验

哪个介词正确(in / on / at / 不用介词)?

  1. My birthday is ____ September.
  2. The party is ____ Saturday.
  3. The film starts ____ 7 o'clock.
  4. I never work ____ night.
  5. Let's meet ____ next Friday.
查看答案
  1. in   2. on   3. at   4. at   5. 不用介词(直接说 next Friday)

要点回顾

  • in =较长的时间段(月份、年份、季节、一天中的时段)。
  • on =星期和日期。
  • at =具体钟点,以及固定说法 at night、at the weekend、at Christmas。
  • next、last、this 和 tomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词完全不用加介词。
  • 这篇文章讲的是事情什么时候发生。关于东西在哪里,请看 Prepositions of place。