想说某件事什么时候发生时,英语会用一些小词,叫做时间介词。最重要的三个是 inonat,每个都对应不同类型的时间说法。

简单说: 较长的时间段(如月份、年份、季节)用 in,星期和日期用 on,具体钟点用 atIn July, on Monday, at 3 o'clock.

In:较长的时间段

月份、年份、季节和其他较长的时间段用 in

类型 例子
月份 in January, in December
年份 in 2020, in 1999
季节 in summer, in winter
一天中的时段 in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
较长时间段 in the past, in the future
  • My birthday is in July.
  • She was born in 2015.
  • We usually go to the beach in summer(也可以说 in the summer)。
  • I always check my phone in the morning.

中文说时间时通常不需要介词,比如“七月”“星期一”“三点”前面都不用加词。英语里很多时间表达需要搭配 inonat,但也有 next weektomorrow 这类不加介词的情况。中文母语者常见的错误,就是该加时漏加,或不该加时多加。

泛泛而谈时用 in the morning/afternoon/evening。但如果说到具体的某一天,就要换成 onon Monday morningon Friday eveningon Saturday night。未来某个具体时间点,比如“两周后”,也用 inSee you in two weeks.

On:星期和日期

星期几和具体日期用 on

类型 例子
星期 on Monday, on Friday
日期 on 5 May(也可以说 on May 5),on my birthday
具体某一天的节日 on New Year's Day, on Christmas Day
  • The meeting is on Tuesday.
  • We're having a party on 5 May.
  • I don't work on weekends.(美式英语;英式英语更常说 at weekends,见下文)

注意: “晚上”这个泛指概念,英语用 at night,不用 inI sleep well at night. 但如果说的是具体某一天的晚上,就用 onon Friday night。关于 at 的更多内容见下文。

At:具体钟点

具体钟点和一些固定说法用 at

类型 例子
钟点 at 3 o'clock, at 7:30, at noon, at midnight
固定说法 at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter
  • The film starts at 8 p.m.
  • I always feel tired at night.
  • We're staying with family at Christmas.

at night,绝不说 ❌ in night——这个固定例外值得记住。

at the weekendon the weekend 都对,只是分属不同的英语变体:英式英语通常说 at the weekend / at weekends,美式英语通常说 on the weekend / on weekends

at Christmasat Easter 指的是整个节日期间。说到具体某一天时,要换成 onon Christmas Dayon Easter Sunday

完全不用介词

有几个时间表达从不加介词——加上反而是常见错误:

  • I'll see you next week. → ❌ I'll see you on next week.
  • We arrived last night. → ❌ We arrived at last night.
  • Let's meet this afternoon. → ❌ Let's meet on this afternoon.
  • See you tomorrow. → ❌ See you at tomorrow.

nextlastthiseverytomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词本身已经表明了时间,前面不需要再加 in/on/at

问“什么时候”

关于时间的问题通常以 whenwhat time 开头,回答时可能用 inonat,也可能不用任何介词,具体取决于说法:

  • When is your birthday? — It's in July.
  • What time does the shop open? — It opens at 9 o'clock.
  • When do you usually relax? — On Sundays, and in the evening.

常见错误

  • I was born on 2015. → ✅ I was born in 2015.(年份用 in,不用 on
  • See you in Monday. → ✅ See you on Monday.(星期用 on,不用 in
  • The train leaves in 9 o'clock. → ✅ The train leaves at 9 o'clock.(具体钟点用 at,不用 in
  • I sleep well in night. → ✅ I sleep well at night.at night 是固定例外)
  • I'll call you on next week. → ✅ I'll call you next week.next/last/this 前面不加介词)

小测验

哪个介词正确(in / on / at / 不用介词)?

  1. My birthday is ____ September.
  2. The party is ____ Saturday.
  3. The film starts ____ 7 o'clock.
  4. I never work ____ night.
  5. Let's meet ____ next Friday.
查看答案
  1. in   2. on   3. at   4. at   5. 不用介词(直接说 next Friday

要点回顾

  • in =较长的时间段(月份、年份、季节、一天中的时段)。
  • on =星期和日期。
  • at =具体钟点,以及固定说法 at nightat the weekendat Christmas
  • nextlastthistomorrow/today/yesterday 这类词完全不用加介词。
  • 这篇文章讲的是事情什么时候发生。关于东西在哪里,请看 Prepositions of place