你已经知道主格代词,比如 Ishe,代表句子的主语——句子说的是谁或什么,通常是执行动作的一方。但一旦同一个人或事物变成动作的承受者,或者出现在像 towith 这样的介词后面,英语就会换成另一组词——宾格代词

简单说: 在一般陈述句里,主格代词通常放在主要动词之前;宾格代词通常放在动词之后,或者放在介词后面。

宾格代词

主格代词 宾格代词 例子
I me Can you help me?
you you I saw you yesterday.
he him Ask him about it.
she her I called her this morning.
it it I don't like it — give it to your brother.
we us They invited us to the party.
they them I saw them at the station.

注意 youit 完全不变——同一个词既能当主语也能当宾语。其他的都会变:I → mehe → himshe → herwe → usthey → them

中文的代词不管做主语还是宾语,形式都一样:“他来了”和“我看见他了”,“他”这个字完全不变。英语却要求主语和宾语用不同的词,比如“他”做主语是 he,做宾语要变成 him。忘记这个变化,说出 ❌ I saw he 这样的句子,是中文母语者很常见的错误。

them 不只是用于多个事物——像 they 一样,它也可以指一个性别未知、没有说明,或者本人使用 they 来称呼自己的人:Someone left their bag here — can you give it back to them?

动词后面

宾格代词通常代替紧跟在动词后面的名词——也就是动作所指向的人或事物:

  • I love this song.I love it.
  • She's teaching the students.She's teaching them.
  • We saw Tom and Anna at the shop.We saw them at the shop.

(对于知道性别的宠物,人们常用 himher 而不是 it——参见 Subject pronouns。)

有些动词可以带两个宾语——一个人和一件事物。当表示人的是代词、表示事物的是名词时,人通常放在前面:

  • I gave her the keys.
  • Can you send me the file?

但如果两个宾语都是代词,英语通常把事物放在前面,后面接 tofor 再加上人:

  • I gave them to her.(一般不说 I gave her them

介词后面

当人称代词出现在 to、for、with、about、from、of 这类介词后面时,要用宾格形式,不能用主格形式:

  • This letter is for me.
  • Come with us.
  • She's talking about him.
  • between you and me,不要说 ❌ between you and I——把这里的 me 误说成 I,是很常见的宾格代词错误,连英语流利的人有时也会说错。

be 后面:“It's me”

在日常口语中,含有 be 的简短回答通常用宾格形式:

  • Who's there? — It's me.
  • Who broke the vase? — Was it her?

非常正式的英语有时会用 It is I,但这个阶段用不到——✅ It's me 才是正常、自然的说法。

常见错误

  • Give it to I. → ✅ Give it to me.(介词后面要用宾格代词,不能用主格代词)
  • Her is my sister. → ✅ She is my sister.(句子的主语需要主格代词——参见 Subject pronouns
  • I saw she at the market. → ✅ I saw her at the market.(动词后面要用宾格代词)
  • between you and I → ✅ between you and me(介词后面的两个词都要用宾格形式)
  • Can you help we? → ✅ Can you help us?we 只能做主格代词,宾格形式是 us
  • I saw Tom him yesterday. → ✅ I saw Tom yesterday. / ✅ I saw him yesterday.(不要把名词和宾格代词一起用——只选一个)

小测验

选出正确的宾格代词:

  1. Can you call ____ (I) later?
  2. We invited ____ (they) to dinner.
  3. This present is for ____ (you).
  4. I don't understand ____ (it) — can you explain?
  5. She sat next to ____ (he).
查看答案
  1. me   2. them   3. you   4. it   5. him

要点回顾

  • 动词的宾语,或者介词后面,要用宾格代词——me、you、him、her、it、us、them
  • youit 的主格、宾格形式相同;其他代词都会变(I → mehe → himshe → herwe → usthey → them)。
  • 人称代词出现在 to、for、with、about 这类介词后面时用宾格形式:for me,不是 for I
  • 在日常口语中,It's me 很常见;正式的 It is I 很少使用。