作为限定词或代词,both、either 和 neither 谈论的都是两个人或两件事物。该用哪个词,取决于你想表达的意思:both = 两者一起,either = 两者中的任意一个,neither = 两者都不。(either 和 neither 还有另一个用法——用来附和一个否定句,例如 I don't either、Neither do I,下文会讲到。)
快速捷径。 both 是肯定的,后接复数(Both books are good)。either 表示在两者之间自由选择(Take either seat),也可以出现在否定句或疑问句中。neither 是否定意义的词,表示"两者都不 / 两者中没有一个"(Neither answer is correct)。
both:两者一起
both 表示某件事对两者中的每一个都成立——它们被看作一个整体,而不是分开考虑:
- Both films were great.(= 这部电影很棒,那部电影也很棒)
- I like both colours.
- Both of the boys can swim.——加上 of 后,both 后面要跟限定词(the/my/these…)或代词。
- Both of them are coming.
如果 both 后面不是紧跟名词,它就会移到动词旁边——放在主语之后,或者 be 动词之后:
- We both enjoyed the film.
- They are both tired.
- I've invited them both. / I've invited both of them.——这两种位置在这里都可以。
both...and...
用 both...and... 连接一起提到的两件事:
- She speaks both English and French.
- Both my brother and my sister live abroad.
either:两者中的任意一个
either 谈论两者中的一个,通常是哪一个都无所谓:
- You can sit in either chair.(这把或那把——你来选)
- Either of the trains will get you there.
either 也会出现在关于两件事物的否定句和疑问句中,用法有点像三个或更多事物时用的 any:
- I don't like either film.(= 这部和那部我都不喜欢)
- Have you read either book?
一个实用的规则:当名词是单数时,either 后接单数动词——✅ Either day suits me,不能说 ❌ Either day suit me。用 either of + 复数名词/代词时,动词严格来说也是单数(Either of them is fine),不过在日常口语中用 are 也很常见,也可以接受。
either...or...
用 either...or... 表示在两个选项之间做选择:
- You can have either tea or coffee.
- Either Tom or Sam will pick you up.
当 either...or... 连接两个主语时,动词通常和离它更近的名词保持一致:Either the twins or their mother is coming. / Either their mother or the twins are coming.
neither:两者都不
neither 的意思是"两者都不 / 两者中没有一个"——不是这个,也不是那个:
- Neither answer is correct.(既不是答案 A,也不是答案 B)
- Neither of the trains stops here.
neither 本身已经带有否定的意思,所以后面要接肯定形式的动词,而不是否定形式:✅ Neither book is mine,不能说 ❌ Neither book isn't mine。而且因为 neither 已经是否定的,前后都不需要再加 not 或 don't:✅ I like neither option,不能说 ❌ I don't like neither option(双重否定)。
中文里"两个都不"只用一个否定标记就够了,和英语的逻辑其实是一致的;但很多学习者习惯把 both 想成"两个都"、把它的否定简单理解为"不是两个都",于是误以为还需要在 neither 前再加一个 not。其实 neither 已经不等于 not both(两个不都是,可能一个是一个不是),而是"两个都不"——一步到位,无需叠加否定词。
用 neither of + 复数名词/代词时,单数动词是传统、更正式的用法——Neither of them is ready——不过在日常口语中,尤其是英式英语里,复数一致(Neither of them are ready)也很常见。
neither...nor...
用 neither...nor... 表示两件事都不成立:
- Neither Tom nor Sam came to the party.
- The film was neither exciting nor funny.
和 either...or 一样,动词通常和离它更近的主语保持一致:Neither the manager nor the employees were informed. 如果单复数混用听起来别扭,可以把复数主语放得离动词更近,或者干脆重新组织句子。
简短应答:So do I 和 Neither do I
neither 还有一个很常见的用法——附和一个否定陈述,正好是 so 附和肯定陈述的镜像:
- A: I don't like coffee. B: Neither do I.(= 我也不喜欢)
- A: I can't swim. B: Neither can I.
- A: She isn't ready. B: Neither am I.
这个句型是neither + 肯定形式的助动词 + 主语——助动词的类型要和第一句一致(don't → do、can't → can、isn't → am),但不能再变回否定形式:❌ Neither don't I 是错的。nor 的用法相同,语气更正式一些:A: I don't like coffee. B: Nor do I. either 一词也可以用来附和否定句,但要放在句子末尾:A: I don't like coffee. B: I don't either.
both、either 还是 neither——快速对比
| 意思 | 例句 | |
|---|---|---|
| both | 两者,一起 | Both cafés are open. |
| either | 两者中任意一个(选择);或用于否定句/疑问句 | Either café is fine. / I haven't been to either café. |
| neither | 两者都不 | Neither café is open today. |
作为限定词或代词,both/either/neither 都是针对两个对象的说法。三个或更多时,要换成 all(肯定句)、any(否定句/疑问句)和 none——✅ None of the three cafés is open,不能说 ❌ Neither of the three cafés is open。
常见错误
- ❌ I don't like neither of them. → ✅ I like neither of them. / I don't like either of them.(不要叠加否定)
- ❌ Neither book isn't mine. → ✅ Neither book is mine.(neither 已经是否定的)
- ❌ Both of book are good. → ✅ Both of the books are good.(of 后面接复数名词前需要有限定词)
- ❌ Either of the three answers is correct. → ✅ Any of the three answers is correct.(either/neither 只适用于两个——三个或更多要用 any)
小测验
选出正确的选项:
- I've tried both restaurants and ____ of them was very good.(either / neither)
- You can park on ____ side of the street.(either / neither)
- A: I can't drive. B: ____ can I.(So / Neither)
- ____ of the two answers is correct — you can pick one of them.(Both / Either)
- ____ my mother nor my father speaks English.(Either / Neither)
- I don't want ____ option, actually.(either / neither)
查看答案
- neither(两者结果都不理想) 2. either(两边任选其一) 3. Neither(附和一个否定句) 4. Either(两个中的一个,哪个都行) 5. Neither(neither...nor) 6. either(前面已经有 don't,所以不能再叠加否定)
要点小结
- both 谈论两件事物合在一起,后接复数动词:Both books are good.
- either 表示在两者之间自由选择,也可以出现在否定句/疑问句中:either chair;I haven't seen either film.
- neither 的意思是"两者都不"——它本身已经是否定的,所以不用再加 not/don't。
- both...and、either...or、neither...nor 用来连接两个成分;用 either/neither...or/nor 时,动词通常和离它更近的主语保持一致。
- Neither do I / Nor do I 用来附和一个否定陈述,正好是 So do I 附和肯定陈述的镜像。
- 这三个词都只针对两个对象——三个或更多时要用 all/any/none。