Mon frère est grand et ma sœur est grande.My brother is tall and my sister is tall.
In French, an adjective changes its ending to match the noun it describes: masculine or feminine, singular or plural. The base form you find in a dictionary is the masculine singular.
Quick shortcut: the feminine adds -e, the plural adds -s: grand → grande → grands → grandes.
Gender and number
Every French noun is masculine or feminine, and singular or plural. An adjective attached to that noun copies both features, whether it sits next to the noun (une voiture rouge) or after être (La voiture est rouge).
The regular pattern
Start from the masculine singular, then add -e for the feminine, -s for the plural, -es for the feminine plural:
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | grand | grande |
| Plural | grands | grandes |
- un petit chien, une petite maison
- des livres intéressants, des histoires intéressantes
- Il est fatigué. / Elle est fatiguée. / Ils sont fatigués.
Adjectives that already end in -e
If the masculine singular already ends in -e (with no accent), the feminine looks identical. Only the plural -s is added:
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | rouge | rouge |
| Plural | rouges | rouges |
un mur jaune, une porte jaune, des murs jaunes. Same for calme, facile, jeune, sympathique.
Adjectives that end in -s or -x
If the masculine singular already ends in -s or -x, nothing is added in the masculine plural — it stays the same:
- un pull gris → des pulls gris (no extra -s)
- un homme heureux → des hommes heureux
The feminine still changes: grise, heureuse (see below).
Hearing the difference
The feminine -e often makes a silent final consonant sound:
- grand /ɡʁɑ̃/ → grande /ɡʁɑ̃d/
- petit /pəti/ → petite /pətit/
- français /fʁɑ̃sɛ/ → française /fʁɑ̃sɛz/
The plural -s is silent, so petit and petits sound the same — the article (le / les, un / des) is what you hear.
Common feminine endings
Some masculine endings have their own feminine form:
| Masculine | Feminine | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -eux | -euse | heureux → heureuse |
| -f | -ve | sportif → sportive |
| -er | -ère | cher → chère |
| -el, -on, -en | double + e | naturel → naturelle, bon → bonne |
A few very common adjectives have an irregular feminine worth learning as whole words: beau → belle, nouveau → nouvelle, vieux → vieille, blanc → blanche, long → longue, doux → douce.
Mixed groups
When one adjective describes a group of both genders, French uses the masculine plural:
- Marc et Julie sont contents.
- Mon père et ma mère sont fatigués.
Position
Most French adjectives come after the noun (une table ronde). A small set of common ones (petit, bon, beau, joli, jeune…) come before it. Agreement works the same way wherever the adjective sits; where it goes is covered in adjective position.
Common mistakes
- ❌ une voiture bleu → ✅ une voiture bleue (feminine noun → feminine adjective)
- ❌ des chats noir → ✅ des chats noirs (plural noun → plural adjective)
- ❌ elle est content → ✅ elle est contente (agreement still applies after être)
- ❌ une fille sportif → ✅ une fille sportive (-f → -ve)
- ❌ une femme calmee → ✅ une femme calme (already ends in -e, add nothing)
- ❌ Paul et Marie sont françaises → ✅ Paul et Marie sont français (mixed group → masculine plural)
Quick check
Put the adjective in the correct form.
- une maison + blanc → une maison ____
- des exercices + facile → des exercices ____
- Elle + être + heureux → Elle est ____
- des voitures + cher → des voitures ____
- Tom et Léa + être + fatigué → Tom et Léa sont ____
Show answers
- une maison blanche 2. des exercices faciles 3. Elle est heureuse 4. des voitures chères 5. Tom et Léa sont fatigués
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Key takeaways
- A French adjective agrees in gender and number with its noun; the dictionary form is masculine singular.
- Regular pattern: add -e (feminine), -s (plural), -es (feminine plural) — grand / grande / grands / grandes.
- Already ends in -e: feminine unchanged. Already ends in -s / -x: masculine plural unchanged.
- Learn the special feminines: -eux → -euse, -f → -ve, -er → -ère, and whole-word irregulars like beau / belle, blanc / blanche.
- A mixed-gender group takes the masculine plural.