Das Problem lässt sich leicht lösen.The problem can easily be solved.
The werden-passive is correct everywhere, but German often prefers a lighter construction — man, sich lassen, a reflexive verb, sein + zu or an -bar adjective — to say the same thing more naturally.
Quick shortcut: for a plain passive idea, reach for man + active verb (Man baut hier…). For "can be done", use sich lassen + infinitive (Das lässt sich machen) or an -bar adjective (machbar). For "has to be done", use sein + zu + infinitive (Das ist zu machen).
man: the all-purpose one
man is an indefinite subject — "one / you / people / they" — and takes a normal active verb in the 3rd person singular. It's the most common way to avoid the passive when the doer is unknown or unimportant.
- Hier spricht man Deutsch. (German is spoken here.)
- Früher hat man das anders gemacht. (It used to be done differently.)
- Wie schreibt man das? (How is that written?)
man only works as the subject (nominative). For the other cases it borrows from einer: accusative einen, dative einem — Das hilft einem wirklich.
It can't name the agent, and it always implies a human doer — for a natural force, man isn't an option: use the werden-passive with durch (Das Dorf wurde durch das Hochwasser zerstört) or a reflexive, not ❌ Man zerstörte das Dorf (unless people did it).
sich lassen: "can be done"
sich lassen + infinitive means "can be [verb]-ed" — it replaces a kann … werden passive with something shorter.
- Das Fenster lässt sich nicht öffnen. = Das Fenster kann nicht geöffnet werden.
- Der Text lässt sich gut lesen. (The text reads well / can be read easily.)
- Das lässt sich machen. (That can be done.)
lassen carries the tense and person like a modal; the main verb is a bare infinitive at the end. A von-agent is unusual here — the point is the possibility, not the doer. This is a specific use of lassen, separate from its "have something done" meaning.
Reflexive verbs with a passive sense
Some verbs used reflexively describe something happening to the subject with no named doer — close to a passive, often with an adverb of manner:
- Die Tür öffnet sich automatisch. (The door opens automatically.)
- Das Buch verkauft sich gut. (The book sells well.)
- Die Verhältnisse haben sich geändert. (Circumstances have changed.)
Unlike man, a reflexive can even include a non-human cause: Die Tür öffnet sich durch den Wind.
sein + zu + infinitive
sein + zu + infinitive expresses a passive idea with a shade of necessity ("must be done") or possibility ("can be done"), read from context:
- Die Formulare sind bis Freitag abzugeben. (The forms must be handed in by Friday.)
- Das ist leicht zu erklären. (That can be easily explained.)
- Was ist jetzt zu tun? (What has to be done now?)
The subject is the thing acted on; it works like the zu-infinitive but with sein as the finite verb. It sounds a little more formal than müssen … werden.
Adjectives in -bar
Many verbs form an established -bar adjective meaning "can be [verb]-ed" (a few carry a nuance of suitability, or — like brennbar — susceptibility). The pattern is productive but not automatic — these forms are learned one by one:
- machbar (doable), essbar (edible), lesbar (legible), erreichbar (reachable), vermeidbar (avoidable)
- Der Plan ist machbar. ≈ Der Plan lässt sich machen.
A few fixed adjectives in -lich carry a similar sense (verständlich "understandable", unverzeihlich "unforgivable") — but these are individual words, not a pattern you can extend.
A fuller, more formal treatment of sein + zu and -bar belongs to C1 (formal passive equivalents); at B2, man and sich lassen do most of the work.
Which one to use
| you want to say | use |
|---|---|
| a plain passive, human doer | man + active verb |
| it can be done | sich lassen + infinitive, or -bar |
| it has to be done | sein + zu + infinitive |
| it happens by itself | reflexive verb (sich öffnen, sich ändern) |
| a natural force did it | werden-passive with durch, or a reflexive |
Common mistakes
- ❌ Man wird hier Deutsch gesprochen. → ✅ Hier spricht man Deutsch. / Hier wird Deutsch gesprochen. (pick one — man takes an active verb)
- ❌ Das lässt sich gemacht. → ✅ Das lässt sich machen. (bare infinitive, not a participle)
- ❌ Das Auto lässt sich von mir reparieren. → ✅ Ich kann das Auto reparieren. (to name the doer, drop sich lassen)
- ❌ Die Formulare sind bis Freitag abgeben. → ✅ …, sind bis Freitag abzugeben. (zu + infinitive; with a separable verb, zu goes inside: abzugeben)
- ❌ Man haben hier viel gebaut. → ✅ Man hat hier viel gebaut. (man is always 3rd person singular)
Quick check
Rewrite each werden-passive with the construction in brackets.
- Diese Datei kann nicht geöffnet werden. → (sich lassen)
- Diese Aufgabe kann gelöst werden. → (-bar adjective)
- Der Antrag muss heute unterschrieben werden. → (sein + zu)
- In Österreich wird auch Deutsch gesprochen. → (man)
Show answers
- Diese Datei lässt sich nicht öffnen.
- Diese Aufgabe ist lösbar.
- Der Antrag ist heute zu unterschreiben.
- In Österreich spricht man auch Deutsch.
Learn faster with GrammarMama
This article covers one topic — here's how GrammarMama helps you turn it into lasting progress:
-
Know your level — A quick placement test finds your CEFR level, so every exercise fits you. Find your level →
-
Follow a clear path — Practise every topic in the right order, from A1 all the way to C2. See the full path →
-
Set your own goal — Tell us what you're learning for, and exercises follow your interests. Set a goal →
-
Track your mistakes — See the patterns behind what trips you up, and fix them for good. Review your mistakes →
-
Build your vocabulary — Words from your exercises are saved and reviewed with spaced repetition. Open your vocabulary →
-
Practise speaking — Answer exercises out loud instead of typing, whenever you like. Try speech practice →
-
Train your pronunciation — Get instant, word-by-word feedback on how you sound. Train your pronunciation →
-
Practise a little every day — Short daily exercises, matched to your level, keep the language fresh. Start practising →
Key takeaways
- man + active verb is the everyday stand-in for a passive with an unknown human doer; it's subject-only and never names the agent.
- sich lassen + infinitive = "can be done" (Das lässt sich machen); the main verb is a bare infinitive, and you don't add a von-agent.
- Reflexive verbs (sich öffnen, sich verkaufen) describe something happening on its own, close to a passive.
- sein + zu + infinitive carries "must / can be done" (Die Formulare sind abzugeben); a bit formal.
- -bar adjectives (machbar, lesbar) pack "can be [verb]-ed" into one word.
- Only man is blocked for a non-human cause; use the werden-passive with durch for an external cause, or a reflexive if it's framed as happening by itself.