German B2 · Upper-intermediate
Express nuance and hypothesis with confidence: the full passive, participial attributes, reported speech and complex connectors.
- Konjunktiv II of the past (hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen)
- Irreal comparisons with "als ob" and "als wenn"
- Passive across all tenses and with modal verbs
- Passive alternatives in common use (man, sich lassen)
- Statal passive (sein + Partizip II)
- Participles as adjectives (das lachende Kind, die gekochten Eier)
- Extended participial attributes (das von mir gelesene Buch)
- Konjunktiv I forms for reported speech
- Reported speech: statements, questions and commands
- Nominal vs verbal style (Nominalisierung)
- Light-verb constructions (in Frage stellen, zur Verfügung stehen)
- Two-part connectors (entweder...oder, weder...noch, sowohl...als auch)
- Concessive connectors with "zwar...aber", "dennoch" and "gleichwohl"
- Formal causal and consecutive connectors (infolgedessen, demnach, somit)
- Modal particles (doch, mal, ja, eben, halt)
- Subjective use of modal verbs (er muss krank sein)
- Future perfect (Futur II)
- Advanced relative clauses (preposition + relative, was, wo)
- Relative clauses with genitive pronouns (dessen, deren)
- Infinitive constructions with "ohne... zu" and "anstatt... zu"
- Genitive chains and von-alternatives in formal style