Apri la finestra, per favore, e non parlare così forte!Open the window, please, and don't talk so loudly!
When you talk to one friend, family member or child you call tu, you give instructions with the informal imperative. It is short, and for most verbs it looks like the present tense.
Quick shortcut: -are verbs end in -a (parlare → parla). -ere and -ire verbs look like the tu present (scrivere → scrivi, dormire → dormi). To say not to do something, use non + infinitive: Non parlare!
The regular forms
| Infinitive | Imperative (tu) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -are: parlare | parla | Parla più piano! (Speak more quietly!) |
| -are: ascoltare | ascolta | Ascolta questa canzone. (Listen to this song.) |
| -ere: scrivere | scrivi | Scrivi il tuo nome. (Write your name.) |
| -ere: prendere | prendi | Prendi un caffè. (Have a coffee.) |
| -ire: aprire | apri | Apri la porta. (Open the door.) |
| -ire: dormire | dormi | Dormi bene! (Sleep well!) |
| -ire with -isc-: finire | finisci | Finisci i compiti. (Finish your homework.) |
For -are verbs, the imperative is the same as the lui/lei form of the present: Marco parla / Parla! The -i ending that you know from tu parli belongs to the present, not to the command. For -isc- verbs such as finire and pulire, the imperative keeps the -isc-: pulisci. See Present tense: -are verbs, Present tense: -ere verbs and Present tense: -ire verbs, including -isc- verbs.
Common irregular forms
A few very useful verbs have their own imperative:
| Infinitive | Imperative (tu) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| andare | va' / vai | Vai a casa! (Go home!) |
| fare | fa' / fai | Fai attenzione. (Be careful.) |
| dare | da' / dai | Dammi la mano. (Give me your hand.) |
| stare | sta' / stai | Stai calmo! (Stay calm!) |
| dire | di' | Dimmi la verità. (Tell me the truth.) |
| venire | vieni | Vieni qui! (Come here!) |
| uscire | esci | Esci con noi! (Come out with us!) |
| essere | sii | Sii gentile. (Be kind.) |
| avere | abbi | Abbi pazienza. (Be patient.) |
The short forms with an apostrophe (va', fa', da', sta') and the forms with -i (vai, fai, dai, stai) are both common. For the verbs andare, fare, dare, stare and dire, see Present tense: common irregular verbs and Present tense: other common irregular verbs.
Saying "don't"
For a negative command to one person, put non before the infinitive:
- Non parlare! (Don't talk!)
- Non mangiare tutto. (Don't eat everything.)
- Non dimenticare le chiavi. (Don't forget the keys.)
- Non essere triste. (Don't be sad.)
The pattern is: the affirmative uses the tu imperative (Parla!), the negative uses non + infinitive (Non parlare!). See Negation with non.
Pronouns at the end
Short pronouns attach to the end of an affirmative command and the two words are written as one:
- Aiutami! (Help me!)
- Ascoltami. (Listen to me.)
- Dimmi! (Tell me!)
- Dammi il libro. (Give me the book.)
After the short forms va', fa', da', sta' and di', most pronouns double their first consonant: dammi, dimmi, fammi, stammi, vacci. The pronoun gli is the exception: dagli, digli. In the negative, you can put the pronoun before the infinitive or attach it to the end: Non mi aiutare / Non aiutarmi. Both are fine.
Common mistakes
- ❌ Parli più piano! → ✅ Parla più piano! (the -i belongs to the present, not the command)
- ❌ Non parla! → ✅ Non parlare! (negative commands use non + infinitive)
- ❌ Scrive il tuo nome. → ✅ Scrivi il tuo nome. (scrive is the lui/lei form)
- ❌ Fini i compiti. → ✅ Finisci i compiti. (finire keeps -isc-)
Quick check
Give the command to one friend you call tu:
- (ascoltare) ____ questa musica!
- (scrivere) ____ una e-mail.
- (aprire) ____ la finestra.
- (finire) ____ la cena.
- (venire) ____ qui, per favore.
- Say "Don't forget" with dimenticare.
Show answers
- Ascolta 2. Scrivi 3. Apri 4. Finisci 5. Vieni 6. Non dimenticare!
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Key takeaways
- The informal command (to someone you call tu) is short: -are → -a (parla), -ere → -i (scrivi), -ire → -i (dormi, but finisci).
- Irregular: va'/vai, fa'/fai, da'/dai, sta'/stai, di', vieni, esci, sii, abbi.
- To say "don't", use non + infinitive: Non parlare!
- Short pronouns attach to the end of an affirmative command: Aiutami! Dimmi!